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Cores are used in sand casting to create hollow cavities in the interior of the part. Sand is mixed with a binder to form a solid "sand core". A core must porous enough to allow gas to escape from the casting, while still blocking the molten metal. It should also be easily removed from the finished casting. Sodium Silicate is used as the binder that "glues" the sand together in cores.
For example, imagine making a cannon. The bore (hollow section) of the cannon can be formed by a core. The hardened sand core goes into the cannon mold so that the molten metal will form the cannon body, but be blocked from filling the center. After the metal cools, the sand core is shaken out of the cannon, leaving the hollow barrel.
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